Keywords:Nature; birth; destiny; Confucius; life theory; mind-nature theory; humanitarian good deeds; humanitarian cultivation theory

1. Proposing problems

“Nature” is one of the key concepts of Chinese traditional philosophy. Since the beginning of the century, scholars have paid great attention to this concept and its related issues, and there have been many articles worth paying attention to in the past ten years.

Zhang Dainian and Zhang Liwen are the highlighted representatives of the older scholars who have discussed this concept and its related problems. In 1958, Zhang Dainian, the teacher of the Chinese Philosophy, officially published a book, the second chapter of the second part, which is about the modern humanitarian theory in China. This chapter systematically sorts out and analyzes the concepts of “sex” and “humanity” and their related problems1. In 1996, Zhang Liwen also systematically sorts out this concept and its history.Change. He combined the concept of “sex” in history into nine meanings and made six representative solutions on this basis; at the same time, he divided the historical evolution of this concept into nine periods2.

Tang Junyi, Mou Zongsan and Xu Yaoguan are outstanding representatives of the concept of “sex” and its related problems in Haiwen. Teacher Tang’s “Chinese Philosophy Introduction: Originality” and Teacher Mou’s “Mind and Nature” have had major impacts in the Hong Kong Taiwanese community. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of the previous book sort out the basic content of the pre-Qin humanitarian theory. Both books sort out and discuss the relationship between “sex” and “birth” in the pre-Qin language3. In terms of the concept of “sex”, Xu Xie observed the influence of “History of Chinese Humanitarianism·Pre-Qin Chapter”, and his first chapter is about the relationship between “birth” and “sex”. In addition, the book “The Study of Mencius’s Mind and Nature” written by Jiang Wensi and An Lezhe is also worth noting.

In the past decade, the academic community has published three representative related discussions. One is my work “The Discussion of Life, Splendidity and the Discussion of Pre-Qin Humanitarianism” – taking the relevant statements of Ruan Yuan, Fu Sinian, and Xu Yao and the Simplified Chinese Bamboo Simplification as the Middle”, and the other is Fang Chaoqing’s “The Polymorphism of the Character “Sex” in the Pre-Qin Qin and Han” and the Framework of Interpretation of Zhang Fa’s “Sex” as the Keyword of Chinese Philosophy: Source, Evolution, Content, Characteristics”. This article criticized Ruan Yuan, Fu Sinian, and Xu Hui’s views 6, especially the relevant points of Fu’s family. Apart from the Fu family’s claims that the concept of “nature” does not exist in the pre-Qin period and the word “nature” in ancient books that passed down from the pre-Qin period should be reduced to the word “nature”, which determined that the establishment of the concept of “nature” and its distinction between the shape of “nature” will not be later than the middle of the war. Fang Wen analyzed and learned the word “nature” in the pre-Qin and Qin and Han periods, and believed that there are seven basic meanings, namely, psychological attributes, physical attributes, social attributes, original characteristics, growth characteristics and characteristic attributes. Among them, the first meaning is the origin meaning, the second to sixth meaning is the attribute of birth, and the seventh meaning is the extension meaning 8. Zhang Wenyi explored the origin of the concept of “sex” and its historical evolution, and believed that “sex” originated from the three concepts of “birth”, “destiny” and “morality”, and passed on the evolution of “subject”, “classic” and “parent”.

To put it together, Tang Junyi, Mou Zongsan and Xu Yao are roughly aligned with one another. They all use the so-called civilization of mind and nature as a guide to sort out the connotation of the concept of “sex”. Zhang Dainian, Zhang Liwen and Fang Chao Xisan clans belong to the same line, and the arguments of the latter two clans are based on the arguments of the former clan. Compared with Zhang Dainian’s statement, Zhang Liwen’s statement is more simple and clear, while Fang deduced and examined the connotation of the late concept of “sex” at a certain level. Ruan Yuan, Fu Sinian, Zhuan and Zhang Fa’s statements can be described as one. From the perspective of this method, Xu’s related commentary seems to be able to be learned from this system. This emphasizes the occurrence and establishment of the concept of “sex”, and emphasizes the sorting and understanding of its connotation through its linguistic and literal emotions.

Today, it seems that the academic community has the concept of “sex” and its related problemsThe research is still lacking, and this important body is now in the following four aspects: First, the students may not understand the problem of the concept of “sex”; second, the students almost lack corresponding understanding of the concept of “sex”; third, What influence did Confucius have on the structure of the concept of “sex” and humanitarian theory? The scholar’s evaluation is scheming, ambiguous, and is seriously lacking; 4. The academic community’s current discussions generally lack the discussion of the relevant fields of the concept of “sex” and its related issues. This article has discussed this. On the one hand, it focuses on sorting out and discussing the inherent problems of the concept of “sex”, and on the other hand, it sorts out and discusses the development of its late-stage discussion areas, in order to deepen the understanding and research on the concept of “sex” and its related problems.

2. The concepts of “sex” and “humanity” in Chinese traditional philosophy

(I) The expression of “sex” and “humanity” in modern Han

“Sex” is undoubtedly one of the most important lyrics in modern Han and modern Han, but in fact, in modern Han and modern Han, the word meaning of this word is very different. It can be imagined that a reader or learner born in contemporary China without strict classical training, once he touches ancient books, especially the word “sex” in the ancient books of Qin and Han, will not be severely interfered with by the current meaning, and he will feel quite confused about the meaning of this concept. In modern Han language, “sex” has the meaning of nature, nature, life, nature, sexual desire, orientation, and genitality. The word “sex” in moder